Computer Qualitative Questions (Paper 2)

Here are some other questions to help you solve your computer problems, take your time to look through as you might just find an answer to your long time question.

What is Firmware?

Answer: Firmware is a computer program stored permanently into a hardware device as a Read Only Memory. For example, when you plug a new device into the computer and it installed itself automatically without an attached device driver, it contains a firmware in it such as a modem etc.

In graphic design, graphics is inserted as what?

Answer: Graphics is inserted as frame.

Who is the father of computer?

Answer: Charles Babbage was noted as the father of computer. He was recognized with the invention of two computers which are ANALYTICAL ENGINE and DIFFERENCE MACHINE.

What are java applets?

Answer: A java applet is run from a web browser and is not a standalone application. For example, it might be a clock display on a web page.

What is worm?

Answer: A worm is a malware which can spread itself without human actions. It can e-mail itself using contacts stored on a computer, without the user even doing anything.

In order to use an extended desktop over two monitors, what is recommended for a PC?

Answer: A dual screen graphics card and extra monitor is necessary. The dual screen card will allow two monitors to be connected and the display spanned over two monitors.

Who invented the WWW (World Wide Web)?

Answer: Tim Berners Lee invented the www. He was a physicist and his invention 1990 increased the number of internet users.

What is multitasking in an operating system?

Answer: Multitasking is having multiple tasks running at once on a computer.

What does MODEM stands for?

Answer: The MODEM is known as a MODULATOR – DEMODULATOR. It converts the telephone signal to internet packets and vice-versa.

What is an SSID?

Answer: SSID means Service Set Identification; it is a public name for a wireless network. SSID is a name by which the wireless name can be addressed onto a networked device.

What is ARP?

Answer: ARP means Address Resolution Protocol. It is a networking protocol, also a command one would use in Windows 8 to view the ARP cache.

How is data stored on a standard hard disk drive?

Answer: Data is stored using magnetic charge. Magnetic charge is used to set each bit ON or OFF (1 or 0). This is the data stored in its most basic form, and ‘on or off’ is the only form of data a computer can actually understand, as it is, in essence and electronic device.

What does the command ‘Netstat-a’ do in Windows?

Answer: ‘Netstat-a’ shows all the connections to your computer including yourself. You can use it to see if anyone else is connected to your computer too.

What is multiboot?

Answer: Multiboot means to boot to a choice of operating systems. Some users have the need to boot from multiple operating systems. For example, Windows 7 and Ubuntu 11

What does the Kernel of an operating system do?

Answer: The Kernel is the lowest level of an operating system, and provides the core functions of the operating system. The same kernel may be used in multiple operating systems.

How is data stored on a CD?

Answer: The CD writer burns a small hole (bump) in the CD to represent a 1, and the flat areas represent 0’s. These are read back when the laser shines on the disc – if data is reflected (by a flat area) then the 0 is read. If there is a bump, the laser is deflected elsewhere and a 1 is read.

What might a checksum be used for?

Answer: The checksum is used for checking file integrity. The checksum produced from the original can be compared to the one in question. If the data is different, the checksum will be different.

What is changelog?

Answer: Changelog is used to keep record of changes to data. It also track changes made to the registry in Windows. A registry is where data is kept on a storage device.

What is DMA?

Answer: DMA means Direct Memory Access; it allows data to be transferred to physical memory (RAM), without being processed by the processor (CPU).

What does RAID stands for?

Answer: RAID means Redundant Array of Independent Disks. A RAID setup combines multiple disk drives into one logical unit.

What is SCCM?

Answer: SCCM means System Center Configuration Manager. SCCM is a system management product by Microsoft for managing multiple Windows based computer systems.

What does COM stand for?

Answer: COM means Component Object Model. It is used for developing software components.

What is the desktop heap?

Answer: Desktop heap is an area of memory used for desktop elements. It is used to store visual elements of the desktop for display.

What is Telnet?

Answer: Telnet is a commandline communication tool. It is used to remotely connect to networked devices for administration purposes.

What is EEPROM?

Answer: EEPROM means Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. It is a memory that can store information even when power is removed. For example, data on a flash drive – it doesn’t require power to maintain the data. Therefore, it is EEPROM.

What does SONET stand for?

Answer: SONET means Synchronous Optical NETworking. It is used to send multiple bit streams over fibre optic cable.

What is .net framework?

Answer: .net framework is a software framework. It allows the smooth installation of software on a computer. It was developed by Microsoft

What does SQL stand for?

Answer: SQL means Structured Query Language. It is used for querying databases to fetch results.

What is an argument?

Answer: An argument is a value passed to a function. It can be any type of data the function will allow such as an integer, string, floating point value, object etc.

What is a cluster?

Answer: A cluster is a group of computers working together. Computers can work together on certain tasks. They work in a cluster.

With these questions and answers, I believe to have results to some of your thoughts and questions…….cheers!!!!

Compiled by: AdeDanCompTech

Computer Qualitative Questions (Paper 1)

Here are some questions to help you solve your computer problems, take your time to look through as you might just find an answer to your long time question.

What does a hard disk defragmenter do?

Answer: It arranges data in order for faster reading.

Which command can you use in Windows 7 to kill running processes?

Answer: taskkill.exe (Use tasklist.exe to simply view the processes before using the taskkill to kill them).

What is the usual way to access Recovery Console?

Answer: Booting from the Windows CD/DVD.

What is the Windows 8 user interface based on?

Answer: The Windows 8 user interface is based on Microsoft's Metro design language, also more on typography than imagery.

What is web caching?

Answer: It is the storing of recent viewed or selected web pages for faster use the next time it is viewed.

What is the MBR on a PC hard disk?

Answer: MBR means Master Boot Record; it is used for storing partition information and/or startup information for the operating system.

What is a disk sector on a hard disk?

Answer: A disk sector is a physical storage area on a hard disk drive.

What is FTP used for?

Answer: FTP means File Transfer Protocol; it allows direct transfer and receiving of files to/from a remote server. (Downloading/Uploading files from/to a web server).

What is FAT32?

Answer: FAT means File Allocation Table, it is a file system. The attached 32 shows that it is a 32 bit file system.

What is firewire used for?

Answer: Firewire (IEEE1394) is a technology often used for transferring data to/from multimedia devices such as digital camcorders. Some call it VISAFONE or OLD TECNO CHARGER (The charging connector is called FIREWIRE)

What does HTTP stand for?

Answer: HTTP means Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, it is a data communication protocol used by the internet.

What is a Proxy?

Answer: A proxy can be a software. It can be used to block certain data passing; that is to restrict data received/transmitted from a computer/device. Proxy sits between computers and servers.

What does IP stands for?

Answer: IP means Internet Protocol; it is used by the internet for sending data packets.

How many bytes are in one kilobyte?

Answer: 1024 bytes

What is boot sector?

Answer: The boot sector is a part of a disk that contains information for the operating system to start. Information from it is moved into the RAM to be used.

What does IMAP stand for?

Answer: IMAP means Internet Message Access Protocol, it is a protocol like POP (Post Office Protocol) for writing and receiving emails.

What does API stands for?

Answer: Application Programming Interface, it provides an interface for developers to interact with another application, websites, system etc. For example, an API for google would allow google applications developed by third parties to integrate correctly with google.

What is an IRQ?

Answer: IRQ means Interrupt Request, it is sent from a device to the microprocessor via electrical signal. For example, when you connect a new device to a computer, the IRQ is sent to the microprocessor. That is when you are able to see a message showing a new device is found then installing without your permission.

What is a jumper?

Answer: A jumper is an electrical connector that allows certain settings to be changed using a small device that joins pins together.

What is memory leak?

Answer: Memory leak is when a computer program does not release memory. This can cause slowdown of a computer as the memory may remain unavailable until the computer is powered down.

In a laser printer, what does the imaging drum do?

Answer: The imaging drum attracts toner and applies it to the paper. It becomes charged in areas so that what is printed is first attracted onto the imaging drum and then transferred to the paper.

What is WINS?

Answer: WINS means Windows Internet Name Service, it is a name service for NetBIOS.

What does AMD stand for?

Answer: AMD means Advanced Micro Devices. AMD are best known for their processors which include the Athlon, Duron and Sempron.

What is Device Manager?

Answer: Device manager shows driver information and hardware status. It can also be used for adjusting hardware including changing drivers.

What is virtual disk?

Answer: A virtual disk is not a physical storage device, and has no physical presence (although a physical disk is needed to contain the virtual disk and its contents). It is an emulation of a physical disk.

What is used to develop Windows 8 store apps?

Answer: WinRT, it is a short form of Windows Runtime.

Which command in Windows 7 will open Task Manager?

Answer: taskmgr, it provides control over running programs and processes.

What is Fortran?

Answer: Fortran was developed in 1950’s. The name stands for FORmula TRANslating system. It is a scientific/mathematic programming language.

What does HTML stands for?

Answer: HTML means Hyper Text Markup Language, it is a programming language used to code webpages and is understood by web browsers such as internet explorer.

What might you use to connect and view the desktop of another windows computer?

Answer: RDP, this stands for Remote Desktop Protocol. It allows remote connections to networked PC’s and devices.

With these questions and answers, I believe to have results to some of your thoughts and questions…….cheers!!!!

Compiled by: AdeDanCompTech

IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES OF DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Table

This is the structure defined to store data under it. It is also called as an ENTITY.

Fields

It is also known as attributes in database terminology. It defines the property of an entity. In other words it is called as column in a table.

For example if we have a company where employee details and department details are gathered.

Employee details like empname, age, address and so on each of which form attribute is stored under structure called as EMP table

Similarly department details like department name, manager and so on each of which denote field are stored in a structure called d DEPT table.

Relational Database is nothing but organizing data in tabular form by creating structures as above.

Normalization:

This is an important term or technique used while creating tables. Normalization refers to removing redundancy of data.

Normalization is required because

• To structure the data so that pertinent relationship between entities or tables can be maintained
• To permit simple retrieval of data in response to queries.
• For simple maintenance of data when updates, insertions and deletions take place.
• To reduce the need to restructure or reorganize data when new application requirement arise.

There are four levels of normalization. They are namely:

• First Normal Form
• Second Normal Form
• Third Normal Form and
• Boyce Codd Normal Form

In each level redundancy of data is reduced.

Referential Integrity

This is important terminology in Relational Database Management System also called as RDBMS in short. It is created on a table with reference to another table or tables. In this concept foreign key figures out. The table on which the column or a combination of columns is defined by this constraint is called the foreign key is called child table. When this constraint is defined a relation is defined between this table which has the foreign key and a table that has the primary key in relationship with this. This is called as referenced key. The table which has the primary key or in other words the referenced key is called as parent table.

Foreign Key

It is defined as a column or set of columns in a child table to declare referential integrity constraint.

Importance of Data Integrity

Data Integrity refers to accuracy of data. This is very essential for a proper maintenance and usage of database. Integrity of data can be achieved by placing constraints or rules. By placing integrity constraints one can place restrictions or checking while inserting or updating data in database. These two operations are the place when data gets into database.

Concept of Index

This is vital in database. Indexing in database is similar to the concept of pointers. This concept is needed because a database may have thousands of data or values in it and for fetching a particular value one need to perform search on database and this is a time consuming process. In order to have efficient usage of them while doing this search process indexing is used on columns. It is also possible to create unique index. When a column or combination of columns is defined as unique index then those columns cannot have duplicate values. Like dropping of tables and views it is also possible to drop an index.

Security and the concept of Locking in Database

It is very essential to have good security provided to database in order for the data to be kept safe from improper access or from improper updating of data. It is important to give security in database management system in three levels namely

Users: It is essential that only valid users and authorized users must have access to database. This is achieved in database management system by assigning user-id

Objects: It is also essential to give security to objects to tables, views and data and so on which are the important elements of a database.

Privilege: These are nothing but the actions permitted by a particular user on the database. It is essential to define this which gives security for database objects.

Concurrency of data access can be taken care by the technology of locking in database. In other words we know that a table can be accessed by many users and when a user is accessing a table and updating a data care and steps must be taken to prevent another user from accessing the same data at the same time in which the data is getting altered. This is taken care by the concept of locking in database.

When talking about locking the concept of deadlock is very important for one to know in database.

Deadlock

Transaction is unit of work done. So a database management system will have number of transactions. There may be situations when two or more transactions are put into wait state simultaneously .In this position each would be waiting for the other transaction to get released. Suppose we have two transactions one and two both executing simultaneously.

In transaction numbered one we update student table and then update course table. We have transaction two in which we update course table and then update student table. We know that when a table is updated it is locked and prevented from access from other transactions from updating. So in transaction one student table is updated it is locked and in transaction two course table is updated and it is locked. We have given already that both transactions gets executed simultaneously. So both student table and course table gets locked so each one waits for the other to get released. This is the concept of deadlock in DBMS.

Though the database concepts are numerous the above gives an overall idea about the important terminologies used in database.

Database

A database is a collection of interrelated data.